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MICROSCOPIC COLITIS: CONSIDERATIONS FOR GASTROENTEROLOGISTS, ENDOSCOPISTS, AND PATHOLOGISTS
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KOTZE, Lorete Maria da Silva

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

; KOTZE, Luiz Roberto

; NISIHARA, Renato

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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jun 2023, Volume 60 N. 2 Pages 188 - 193

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by non-bloody diarrhea that can range from mild to severe. It is difficult to attribute up to 10-20% of chronic diarrhea to microscopic colitis. The three determinants factors of the diagnosis are characteristic clinical symptoms, normal endoscopic picture of the colon, and pathognomonic histological picture. This manuscript aimed to update considerations and recommendations for professionals involved (gastroenterologist, endoscopists and pathologist) in the diagnosis of MC. In addition, a short recommendation about treatment.

RESUMO A colite microscópica é uma doença intestinal inflamatória crônica caracterizada por diarreia não sanguinolenta que pode variar de leve a grave. Atribui-se que cerca de 10-20% das diarreias crônicas são devidas à colite microscópica. Os três fatores determinantes para o diagnóstico são sintomas clínicos característicos, quadro endoscópico normal do cólon e quadro histológico patognomônico. Este manuscrito tem como objetivo atualizar e trazer recomendações para os profissionais envolvidos (gastroenterologista, endoscopista e patologista) no diagnóstico de colite microscópica. Adicionalmente, uma breve recomendação sobre o tratamento.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.20230222-143

USTEKINUMAB IN CROHN’S DISEASE MANAGEMENT: A BRAZILIAN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
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CASTRO, Paula Cenira Senger de

; MAGRO, Daniéla Oliveira

; NONES, Rodrigo Bremer

; FURLAN, Thaisa Kowalski

; MIRANDA, Eron Fábio

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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dec 2022, Volume 59 N. 4 Pages 501 - 507

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Background: Real-world data on the use of Ustekinumab (UST) in Brazilian and Latin American patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are scarce. Objective: The primary endpoint was assessment of clinical remission at weeks 8 and 52, and secondary endpoints were: assessment of clinical response at weeks 8 and 52, endoscopic remission, adverse events, and rates of CD-related abdominal surgery during follow-up. Methods: observational and retrospective study, including patients with CD treated at two centers, who received UST at any time during their treatment. Remission and clinical response were defined as a Harvey-Bradshaw index ≤4 and ≥3 points reduction, respectively. Results: Seventy-four patients were included, 85.1% previously exposed to anti-TNFs. Clinical remission was observed in 45.8% and 59.4% of patients at weeks 8 and 52, respectively. The clinical response rates were 54.2% and 67.6% at weeks 8 and 52. Endoscopic remission was observed in 21.8% of patients. Seventeen patients had adverse events, mostly mild infections, with 22.9% of patients undergoing abdominal surgery (ileocolectomy being the most common procedure). Conclusion UST therapy resulted in significant rates of remission and clinical response, as described in other real-world studies. Few patients had adverse events during treatment, showing its adequate safety profile.

RESUMO Contexto: Dados de vida real sobre o uso de Ustequinumabe (UST) em pacientes brasileiros e latino-americanos com doença de Crohn (DC) são escassos. Objetivo: O desfecho primário foi a avaliação da remissão clínica nas semanas 8 e 52, e os desfechos secundários foram: avaliação da resposta clínica nas semanas 8 e 52, remissão endoscópica, eventos adversos e taxas de cirurgia abdominal relacionada à DC durante o seguimento. Métodos: Estudo observacional e retrospectivo, incluindo pacientes com DC tratados em dois centros, que receberam UST em qualquer momento do tratamento. A remissão e a resposta clínica foram definidas como índice de Harvey-Bradshaw ≤4 e ≥3 pontos de redução, respectivamente. Resultados: Foram incluídos 74 pacientes, 85,1% previamente expostos a anti-TNFs. A remissão clínica foi observada em 45,8% e 59,4% dos pacientes nas semanas 8 e 52, respectivamente. As taxas de resposta clínica foram de 54,2% e 67,6% nas semanas 8 e 52. A remissão endoscópica foi observada em 21,8% dos pacientes. Dezessete pacientes apresentaram eventos adversos, principalmente infecções leves, sendo 22,9% dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia abdominal (sendo a ileocolectomia o procedimento mais comum). Conclusão: A terapia com UST resultou em taxas significativas de remissão e resposta clínica, conforme descrito em outros estudos do mundo real. Poucos pacientes apresentaram eventos adversos durante o tratamento, mostrando seu adequado perfil de segurança.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202204000-89

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF ADULT CROHN’S DISEASE AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS PATIENTS: A CONSENSUS FROM THE BRAZILIAN ORGANIZATION OF CROHN’S DISEASE AND COLITIS (GEDIIB)
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ZABOT, Gilmara Pandolfo

; CASSOL, Ornella Sari

; QUARESMA, Abel Botelho

; GONÇALVES FILHO, Francisco de Assis

; BAIMA, Júlio Pinheiro

; IMBRIZI, Marcello

; ROLIM, Alexandre de Sá

; CARMO, Alexandre Medeiros do

; ALVES JUNIOR, Antonio Jose Tiburcio

; SANTOS, Carlos Henrique Marques dos

; SOBRADO JUNIOR, Carlos Walter

; MIRANDA, Eron Fábio

; ALBUQUERQUE, Idblan Carvalho de

; SOUZA, Mardem Machado de

; KAISER JUNIOR, Roberto Luiz

; PARRA, Rogerio Serafim

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

; SAAD-HOSSNE, Rogério

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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2022, Volume 59 Suppl. 1 Pages 1 - 19

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Background: Despite optimized medical therapy, contemporary risk of surgery in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) after 10 years of diagnosis is 9.2% in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 26.2% in Crohn’s disease, (CD) in the biological era. Objective: This consensus aims to detail guidance to the most appropriate surgical procedures in different IBD scenarios. In addition, it details surgical indications and perioperative management of adult patients with CD and UC. Methods: Our consensus was developed by colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists representing the Brazilian Study Group of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (GEDIIB), with the Rapid Review methodology being conducted to support the recommendations/statements. Surgical recommendations were structured and mapped according to the disease phenotypes, surgical indications, and techniques. After structuring the recommendations/statements, the modified Delphi Panel methodology was used to conduct the voting by experts in IBD surgery and gastroenterology. This consisted of three rounds: two using a personalized and anonymous online voting platform and one face-to-face presential meeting. Whenever participants did not agree with specific statements or recommendations, an option to outline possible reasons was offered to enable free-text responses and provide the opportunity for the experts to elaborate or explain disagreement. The consensus of recommendations/statements in each round was considered to have been reached if there was ≥80% agreement. Results and conclusion: This consensus addressed the most relevant information to guide the decision-making process for adequate surgical management of CD and UC. It synthesizes recommendations developed from evidence-based statements and state-of-art knowledge. Surgical recommendations were structured and mapped according to the different disease phenotypes, indications for surgery and perioperative management. Specific focus of our consensus was given to elective and emergency surgical procedures, determining when to indicate surgery and which procedures may be the more appropriate. The consensus is targeted to gastroenterologists and surgeons interested in the treatment and management of adult patients with CD or UC and supports decision-making of healthcare payors, institutional leaders, and/or administrators.

RESUMO Contexto: Apesar da terapia medicamentosa otimizada, o risco contemporâneo de cirurgia nas doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII) após 10 anos do diagnóstico é de 9,2% em pacientes com retocolite ulcerativa (RCU) e de 26,2% na doença de Crohn (DC) na era biológica. Objetivo: Este consenso visa detalhar as orientações para os procedimentos cirúrgicos mais adequados em diferentes cenários da DII. Além disso, detalha as indicações cirúrgicas e o manejo perioperatório de pacientes adultos com DC e RCU. Métodos: Nosso consenso foi desenvolvido por cirurgiões colorretais e gastroenterologistas representantes da Organização Brasileira de Doença de Crohn e Colite (GEDIIB), com a metodologia de revisão rápida sendo conduzida para respaldar as recomendações. As recomendações cirúrgicas foram estruturadas e mapeadas de acordo com os fenótipos da doença, indicações cirúrgicas e técnicas. Após a estruturação das recomendações, a metodologia modificada do Painel Delphi foi utilizada para conduzir a votação por especialistas em cirurgia de DII e gastroenterologia. Esta consistiu em três rondas: duas com recurso a uma plataforma de votação online personalizada e anônima e uma reunião presencial. Sempre que os participantes não concordavam com afirmações ou recomendações específicas, era oferecida uma opção de delinear possíveis razões para permitir respostas em texto livre e dar a oportunidade para os especialistas elaborarem ou explicarem a discordância. O consenso de recomendações/declarações em cada rodada foi considerado alcançado se houve concordância ≥80%. Resultados e conclusão Este consenso abordou as informações mais relevantes para orientar o processo de tomada de decisão para o manejo cirúrgico adequado de DC e RCU. Ele sintetiza recomendações desenvolvidas a partir de evidências e conhecimento de alto nível. As recomendações cirúrgicas foram estruturadas e mapeadas de acordo com os diferentes fenótipos da doença, indicações para cirurgia e manejo perioperatório. O foco específico do nosso consenso foi dado aos procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos e de emergência, determinando quando indicar a cirurgia e quais procedimentos podem ser os mais adequados. O consenso é direcionado a gastroenterologistas e cirurgiões interessados no tratamento e manejo de pacientes adultos com DC ou RCU e apoia a tomada de decisões de pagadores de saúde, líderes institucionais e/ou administradores.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.2022005s1-01

SECOND BRAZILIAN CONSENSUS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF CROHN’S DISEASE IN ADULTS: A CONSENSUS OF THE BRAZILIAN ORGANIZATION FOR CROHN’S DISEASE AND COLITIS (GEDIIB)
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IMBRIZI, Marcello

; BAIMA, Júlio Pinheiro

; AZEVEDO, Matheus Freitas Cardoso de

; ANDRADE, Adriana Ribas

; QUEIROZ, Natália Souza Freitas

; CHEBLI, Júlio Maria Fonseca

; CHEBLI, Liliane Andrade

; ARGOLLO, Marjorie Costa

; SASSAKI, Ligia Yukie

; PARRA, Rogerio Serafim

; QUARESMA, Abel Botelho

; VIEIRA, Andrea

; DAMIÃO, Adérson Omar Mourão Cintra

; MORAES, Antonio Carlos da Silva

; FLORES, Cristina

; ZALTMAN, Cyrla

; VILELA, Eduardo Garcia

; MORSOLETTO, Eloá Marussi

; GONÇALVES FILHO, Francisco de Assis

; PENNA, Francisco Guilherme Cancela e

; SANTANA, Genoile Oliveira

; ZABOT, Gilmara Pandolfo

; PARENTE, José Miguel Luz

; COSTA, Marcia Henriques de Magalhães

; ZERÔNCIO, Marco Antonio

; MACHADO, Marta Brenner

; CASSOL, Ornella Sari

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

; FRÓES, Renata de Sá Brito

; MISZPUTEN, Sender Jankiel

; AMBROGINI JUNIOR, Orlando

; SAAD-HOSSNE, Rogério

; COY, Cláudio Saddy Rodrigues

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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2022, Volume 59 Suppl. 1 Pages 20 - 50

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disorder that includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. CD is characterized by a transmural intestinal involvement from the mouth to the anus with recurrent and remitting symptoms that can lead to progressive bowel damage and disability over time. Objective: To guide the safest and effective medical treatments of adults with CD. Methods: This consensus was developed by stakeholders representing Brazilian gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons (Brazilian Organization for Crohn's disease and Colitis (GEDIIB)). A systematic review of the most recent evidence was conducted to support the recommendations/statements. All included recommendations and statements were endorsed in a modified Delphi panel by the stakeholders and experts in IBD with an agreement of at least 80% or greater consensus rate. Results and conclusion: The medical recommendations (pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions) were mapped according to the stage of treatment and severity of the disease in three domains: management and treatment (drug and surgical interventions), criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of medical treatment, and follow-up/patient monitoring after initial treatment. The consensus is targeted towards general practitioners, gastroenterologists, and surgeons interested in treating and managing adults with CD and supports the decision-making of health insurance companies, regulatory agencies, and health institutional leaders or administrators.

RESUMO Contexto: A doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) é uma doença imunomediada que inclui a doença de Crohn (DC) e a retocolite ulcerativa. A DC é caracterizada por um envolvimento intestinal transmural da boca ao ânus com sintomas recorrentes e remitentes que podem levar a danos intestinais progressivos e incapacidade ao longo do tempo. Objetivo: Orientar os tratamentos médicos mais seguros e eficazes de adultos com DC. Métodos: Este consenso foi desenvolvido por autores que representam gastroenterologistas e cirurgiões brasileiros especialistas em doenças colorretais (GEDIIB, Organização Brasileira de Doença de Crohn e Colite). Uma revisão sistemática das evidências mais recentes foi realizada para apoiar as recomendações/declarações. Todas as recomendações e declarações incluídas foram endossadas em um painel Delphi modificado pelas partes interessadas e especialistas em DII com uma concordância de pelo menos 80% ou mais. Resultados e conclusão: As recomendações médicas (intervenções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas) foram mapeadas de acordo com o estágio de tratamento e gravidade da doença em três domínios: manejo e tratamento (intervenções medicamentosas e cirúrgicas), critérios para avaliar a eficácia do tratamento médico, e acompanhamento/monitoramento do paciente após o tratamento inicial. O consenso é direcionado a clínicos gerais, gastroenterologistas e cirurgiões interessados em tratar e gerenciar adultos com DC e apoia a tomada de decisões de companhias de seguro de saúde, agências reguladoras e líderes ou administradores de instituições de saúde.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.2022005s1-02

SECOND BRAZILIAN CONSENSUS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS IN ADULTS: A CONSENSUS OF THE BRAZILIAN ORGANIZATION FOR CROHN’S DISEASE AND COLITIS (GEDIIB)
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BAIMA, Júlio Pinheiro

; IMBRIZI, Marcello

; ANDRADE, Adriana Ribas

; CHEBLI, Liliane Andrade

; ARGOLLO, Marjorie Costa

; QUEIROZ, Natália Sousa Freitas

; AZEVEDO, Matheus Freitas Cardoso de

; VIEIRA, Andrea

; COSTA, Marcia Henriques de Magalhães

; FRÓES, Renata de Sá Brito

; PENNA, Francisco Guilherme Cancela e

; QUARESMA, Abel Botelho

; DAMIÃO, Aderson Omar Mourão Cintra

; MORAES, Antonio Carlos da Silva

; SANTOS, Carlos Henrique Marques dos

; FLORES, Cristina

; ZALTMAN, Cyrla

; VILELA, Eduardo Garcia

; MORSOLETTO, Eloá

; GONÇALVES FILHO, Francisco de Assis

; SANTANA, Genoile Oliveira

; ZABOT, Gilmara Pandolfo

; PARENTE, José Miguel Luz

; SASSAKI, Ligia Yukie

; ZERÔNCIO, Marco Antonio

; MACHADO, Marta Brenner

; CASSOL, Ornella Sari

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

; PARRA, Rogerio Serafim

; MISZPUTEN, Sender Jankiel

; COY, Cláudio Saddy Rodrigues

; AMBROGINI JUNIOR, Orlando

; CHEBLI, Júlio Maria Fonseca

; SAAD-HOSSNE, Rogério

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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2022, Volume 59 Suppl. 1 Pages 51 - 84

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases are immune-mediated disorders that include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is a progressive disease that affects the colorectal mucosa causing debilitating symptoms leading to high morbidity and work disability. As a consequence of chronic colonic inflammation, UC is also associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Objective: This consensus aims to provide guidance on the most effective medical management of adult patients with UC. Methods: A consensus statement was developed by stakeholders representing Brazilian gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons (Brazilian Organization for Crohn’s Disease and Colitis [GEDIIB]). A systematic review including the most recent evidence was conducted to support the recommendations and statements. All recommendations/statements were endorsed using a modified Delphi Panel by the stakeholders/experts in inflammatory bowel disease with at least 80% or greater consensus. Results and conclusion: The medical recommendations (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) were mapped according to the stage of treatment and severity of the disease onto three domains: management and treatment (drug and surgical interventions), criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of medical treatment, and follow-up/patient monitoring after initial treatment. The consensus targeted general practitioners, gastroenterologists and surgeons who manage patients with UC, and supports decision-making processes by health insurance companies, regulatory agencies, health institutional leaders, and administrators.

RESUMO Contexto: As doenças inflamatórias intestinais são doenças imunomediadas que incluem a doença de Crohn (DC) e a retocolite ulcerativa (RCU). A RCU é uma doença progressiva que acomete a mucosa colorretal causando sintomas debilitantes levando a alta morbidade e incapacidade laboral. Como consequência da inflamação crônica do cólon, a RCU também está associada a um risco aumentado de câncer colorretal. Objetivo: Este consenso visa fornecer orientações sobre o manejo médico mais eficaz de pacientes adultos com RCU. Métodos: As recomendações do consenso foram desenvolvidas por gastroenterologistas e cirurgiões colorretais referências no Brasil (membros da Organização Brasileira para Doença de Crohn e Colite [GEDIIB]). Uma revisão sistemática, incluindo as evidências mais recentes, foi conduzida para apoiar as recomendações. Todas as recomendações foram endossadas pelas partes interessadas/especialistas em doença inflamatória intestinal usando um Painel Delphi modificado. O nível de concordância para alcançar consenso foi de 80% ou mais. Resultados e conclus ão: As recomendações médicas (farmacológicas e não farmacológicas) foram mapeadas de acordo com o estágio de tratamento e gravidade da doença em três domínios: manejo e tratamento (intervenções medicamentosas e cirúrgicas), critérios para avaliar a eficácia do tratamento médico, e acompanhamento/monitoramento do paciente após o tratamento inicial. O consenso foi direcionado a clínicos gerais, gastroenterologistas e cirurgiões que tratam pacientes com RCU e apoia os processos de tomada de decisão por companhias de seguro de saúde, agências reguladoras, líderes institucionais de saúde e administradores.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.2022005s1-03

MANAGEMENT OF ILEOCECAL CROHN’S DISEASE DURING SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR ACUTE APPENDICITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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QUARESMA, Abel Botelho

; MIRANDA, Eron Fabio

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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oct 2021, Volume 58 N. 4 Pages 560 - 565

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Em muitos pacientes, o diagnóstico da doença de Crohn (DC) é feito durante uma cirurgia de urgência por suspeita de apendicite. O diagnóstico intraoperatório pode ser desafiador em certos casos, especialmente para cirurgiões menos experientes. OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura em busca de evidências científicas que possam orientar os cirurgiões no manejo otimizado da DC ileocecal encontrada incidentalmente na cirurgia de apendicite aguda (AA). MÉTODOS: Os estudos incluídos foram identificados por busca eletrônica no banco de dados PubMed de acordo com as diretrizes Itens Preferidos de Relatórios para Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-Análise (PRISMA). As avaliações de qualidade e viés foram realizadas pelos critérios Índice Metodológico para Estudos Não Randomizados (MINORS). RESULTADOS: Foram identificados inicialmente 313 estudos, dos quais seis foram selecionados (todos retrospectivos) para avaliação qualitativa (dois estudos eram comparativos e quatro apenas séries de casos descritivos). Quatro estudos encontraram uma alta taxa de complicações quando a apendicectomia ou ileocolectomia foram realizadas e em apenas um, não houve aumento do risco de complicações pós-operatórias com a apendicectomia. No sexto estudo, diarreia, dor abdominal prévia, anemia pré-operatória e trombocitopenia foram fatores preditivos independentes para DC em pacientes operados previamente por suspeita de AA. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da escassez de dados e da baixa qualidade das evidências, recomenda-se que um apêndice macroscopicamente normal seja preservado na ausência de doença complicada quando há suspeita de DC na cirurgia de AA. As ressecções ileocecais devem ser reservadas para doenças complicadas (massa inflamatória, isquemia, perfuração ou obstrução). Mais estudos prospectivos são necessários para confirmar essas afirmações.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND In many patients, the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD) is made during surgery for appendicitis in urgent settings. Intraoperative diagnosis can be challenging in certain cases, especially for less experienced surgeons. OBJECTIVE: Review of the literature searching for scientific evidence that can guide surgeons through optimal management of ileocecal CD found incidentally in surgery for acute appendicitis (AA). METHODS: Included studies were identified by electronic search in the PubMed database according to the Preferred Items of Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality and bias assessments were performed by Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria for non-randomized studies. RESULTS: A total of 313 studies were initially identified, six of which were selected (all retrospective) for qualitative assessment (two studies were comparative and four only descriptive case series). Four studies identified a high rate of complications when appendectomy or ileocolectomy were performed and in only one, there was no increased risk of postoperative complications with appendectomy. In the sixth study, diarrhea, previous abdominal pain, preoperative anemia and thrombocytopenia were independent predictors for CD in patients previously operated for suspected AA. CONCLUSION: Despite the paucity of data and low quality of evidence, a macroscopically normal appendix should be preserved in the absence of complicated disease when CD is suspected in surgery for AA. Ileocecal resections should be reserved for complicated disease (inflammatory mass, ischemia, perforation or obstruction). Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these claims.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-98 1 downloads

PREVALENCE OF SELF-MEDICATION FOR DYSPEPTIC SYMPTOMS IN PRIMARY CARE: A BRAZILIAN SURVEY
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GONZAGA, Caroline Ehlke

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

; OLANDOSKI, Marcia

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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sep 2021, Volume 58 N. 3 Pages 364 - 369

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Os sintomas dispépticos estão entre os oito sintomas que mais levam uso de automedicação. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência e o perfil da população que utiliza automedicação para controle dos sintomas dispépticos em uma capital do Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Aplicação de inquérito composto por tópicos relativos aos dados socioculturais do indivíduo, comorbidades autorreferidas, uso de automedicação nos 15 dias anteriores à entrevista e informações sobre o uso deste medicamento. Foi realizada a análise estatística dos dados coletados para determinar a prevalência de automedicação para controle dos sintomas dispépticos e estabelecer correlações com fatores independentes, como sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), escolaridade, renda familiar e comorbidades autorrelatadas. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 719 indivíduos atendidos pela atenção primária. Destes, 67,7% de indivíduos do sexo feminino, 65,3% apresentavam IMC maior que 25 kg/m², 28,4% autorrelataram apresentar hipertensão arterial sistêmica, 21,4% depressão e 13,8% diabetes. A prevalência de uso de automedicação para controle de sintomas digestivos nesta população foi de 28,7% (n=206, IC95% 25,3-32), 91,8% (n=189) por queixas de origem dispéptica. A classe de medicação mais utilizada foi a dos inibidores de bomba de prótons (67%), seguidos dos antiácidos (15%). Houve relação entre o uso deste tipo de automedicação e idade maior de 38 anos (OR=1,734, IC95% 1,177-2,580, P=0,001), IMC acima de 26 kg/m² (OR=1,660, IC95% 1,166-2,362, P<0,001) e presença de autorrelato de depressão (OR= 1,471, IC95% 0,983-2,201, P=0,04). CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo revelou uma alta prevalência do uso de automedicação para controle dos sintomas dispépticos em comparação com dados da literatura, sendo os inibidores de bomba de prótons a classe de droga mais utilizada. Idade maior que 38 anos, índice de massa corporal maior 26 kg/m² e autorrelato de depressão foram associados ao uso de automedicação para sintomas dispépticos.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dyspeptic symptoms are among the eight symptoms that most lead to the use of self-medication globally. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of use and profile of the population doing self-medication to control dyspeptic symptoms in a capital from South Brazil. METHODS: Application of a survey consisting of topics regarding individual’s socio-cultural data, self-reported comorbidities, use of self-medication in the 15 days prior to the interview and information on the use of this medication. Statistical analysis was performed on the data collected to determine the prevalence of self-medication for dyspeptic symptoms (SMDS) and to establish correlations with independent factors, such as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), education, family income and self-reported comorbidities. RESULTS: A total of 719 individuals from the public health system were interviewed. Overall, 67.7% were female, 65.3% had a BMI greater than 25; 28.4% presented with self-reported hypertension, 21.4% with depression and 13.8% with diabetes. The prevalence of self-medication to control digestive symptoms in this population was 28.7% (95%CI: 25.3-32), 91.8% (n=189) due to complaints of dyspeptic origin. Proton pump inhibitors were the most used class of medication (67%), followed by antacids (15%). There was a relationship between SMDS and age >38 years (OR=1.734, 95%CI: 1.177-2.580, P=0.001), BMI >26 (OR=1.660, 95%CI: 1.166-2.362, P<0.001) and self-reported depression (OR=1.471, 95%CI: 0.983-2.201, P=0.04). CONCLUSION: There was a higher prevalence of the use of self-medication to control dyspeptic symptoms in relation to previous data from the literature. Age >38 years, BMI >26 and self-reported depression were associated with SMDS.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-61 96 downloads

Perioperative Nutritional Optimization in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: When and How?
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Silva, Isadora Sayuri Macedo da

; Cambi, Maria Paula Carlini

; Magro, Daniéla Oliveira

; Kotze, Paulo Gustavo

Journal of Coloproctology (Rio de Janeiro)

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jul 2021, Volume 41 N. 3 Pages 295 - 300

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are commonly associated with important changes in nutritional status (NS). Both malnutrition and obesity have a negative impact on the course of both diseases, with greater risks of postoperative complications, such as anastomotic dehiscences, reoperations, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased mortality. The diagnostic criteria for identifying individuals at nutritional risk, with clear indication for preoperative nutritional therapy, involves several factors. Oral nutrition should be the first choice of nutritional support. If the patient has difficulty in consuming food, the enteral route is the second option, through elementary (amino acids), semi-elementary (oligopeptides), or polymeric (whole proteins) formulas. When oral or enteral routes are not indicated (in the presence of intestinal obstruction or ischemia, fistula, or bleeding), total parenteral nutrition can meet the daily nutritional needs of the critically ill patient. Nutritional support can be performed exclusively or in an associated way, which will depend on the nutritional severity of the patient with IBD. Nutritional screening should be performed at all stages of the disease, always individually and with professionals with experience in IBD. The reduction of complications in the perioperative period is not only associated with adequate surgical technique, but also with adequate nutritional support and clinical preparation before surgery. Therefore, the dietitian with a focus in IBD has an important role in the multidisciplinary team, collaborating with all stages of treatment and with the optimization of the nutritional status of the surgical patient.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730369 11 downloads

CORRELATION BETWEEN TROUGH LEVELS OF INFLIXIMAB AND POSTOPERATIVE ENDOSCOPIC RECURRENCE IN CROHN’S DISEASE PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO ILEOCOLONIC RESECTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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BARAÚNA, Fernanda da Silva Barbosa

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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mar 2021, Volume 58 N. 1 Pages 107 - 113

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO CONTEXTO: As taxas de recorrência endoscópica pós-operatória em pacientes com doença de Crohn (DC) são significativas. A terapia anti-TNF é cada vez mais usada no cenário pós-operatório, apesar da escassez de dados na literatura sobre dosagem de níveis séricos e anticorpos da droga. OBJETIVO: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com o intuito de se avaliar níveis séricos de infliximabe (IFX) em pacientes com DC submetidos a ileocolectomia e correlacionar com a presença ou não de recorrência endoscópica da doença. MÉTODOS: Buscou-se por estudos que avaliaram o nível sérico do IFX em pacientes com DC, submetidos a ileocolectomias, correlacionando-os à presença de recorrência endoscópica pós-operatória. Utilizou-se as bases de dados MEDLINE via PubMed e CENTRAL Cochrane Library, e após atingirem os critérios de inclusão, os estudos foram avaliados metodologicamente e foi realizada análise qualitativa dos dados. RESULTADOS: Um total de 155 estudos foram identificados e apenas quatro atingiram os critérios de inclusão. Um era estudo de coorte prospectivo, o segundo era um ensaio clínico randomizado e dois eram estudos de coortes retrospectivas, sendo o último exclusivamente em pacientes pediátricos. As evidências encontradas tendem a confirmar a correlação da recorrência endoscópica a baixos níveis séricos de IFX e presença de anticorpos anti-droga. A qualidade da evidência gerada variou de muito baixa a alta, devido à heterogeneidade encontrada entre os estudos e o risco de viés identificado. CONCLUSÃO: Baixos níveis séricos do IFX e presença de anticorpos contra a droga estão associados a probabilidade aumentada de recorrência endoscópica pós-operatória nos pacientes com DC submetidos a ileocolectomias. Ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados com adequada qualidade metodológica são necessários para confirmar as conclusões desta revisão.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The rates of postoperative endoscopic recurrence (PER) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are consistent. Anti-TNF therapy has been increasingly used in the postoperative setting, despite the lack of robust data in the literature on the measurement of trough levels and consequences of their use. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to assess trough levels of infliximab (IFX) in CD patients after ileocolonic resections in correlation with the presence of PER. METHODS: We searched for studies that evaluated trough levels of IFX in patients with CD, who underwent ileocaecal resections, and correlated them with the presence of PER. We used MEDLINE through PubMed and CENTRAL Cochrane library databases, and after matching the inclusion criteria, the studies were methodologically evaluated with qualitative analysis of the data. RESULTS: A total of 155 studies were initially identified in the databases search and only four matched the inclusion criteria. They comprised one prospective cohort study, one randomized controlled trial and two retrospective cohort studies, the last one performed in pediatric patients. This evidence suggested the correlation of PER with low trough levels of IFX and the presence of antibodies to the drug. The quality of the evidence generated varied from very low to high, due to the heterogeneity found between the studies and the risks of bias that were identified. CONCLUSION: Low levels of IFX and the presence of antibodies to the drug were directly associated with increased PER rates in patients with CD, who underwent ileocolonic resections. Controlled and randomized clinical trials with adequate methodological quality are warranted to confirm the conclusions from this systematic review.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-18 494 downloads

10.

Sucralfate enemas reduce the oxidative tissue damage and preserves the contents of E-cadherin and Β-catenin in colonic mucosa without fecal stream
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Sato, Daniela Tiemi

; Campos, Fabio Guilherme

; Kotze, Paulo Gustavo

; Mendonça, Roberta Laís Santos

; Kanno, Danilo Toshio

; Pereira, José Aires

; Martinez, Carlos Augusto Real

Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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2021, Volume 36 N. 10 elocation e361007

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effects of sucralfate enemas in tissue contents of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in an experimental diversion colitis. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were submitted to a proximal colostomy and a distal mucous fistula. They were allocated into three groups: first group received daily saline enemas (2 mL/day) and the two other groups daily enemas with sucralfate at dosage of 1 or 2 g/kg/day, respectively. Six animals of each group were euthanized after two weeks and six animals after four weeks. The inflammation of the excluded mucosa was evaluated by histological analysis. The oxidative damage was quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde tissue levels. The expression of E-cadherin and ?-catenin was identified by immunohistochemistry, and its contents were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Results: Sucralfate enemas reduced inflammation in animals subjected to treatment with 2 g/kg/day by four weeks, and the levels of oxidative damage in mucosa without fecal stream irrespective of concentration and time of intervention. E-cadherin and ?-catenin content increased in segments without fecal stream in those animals subjected to treatment with sucralfate. Conclusions: Sucralfate reduces the inflammation and oxidative stress and increases the tissue content of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in colonic mucosa devoid to the fecal stream.

https://doi.org/10.1590/acb361007 1 downloads

11.

INDUCTION THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING REGIMEN WITH INFLIXIMAB: A SIMPLIFIED EVIDENCE-BASED ALGORITHM FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
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QUEIROZ, Natália Sousa Freitas

; TEIXEIRA, Fábio Vieira

; PARRA, Rogerio Serafim

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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dec 2020, Volume 57 N. 4 Pages 507 - 510

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A monitorização terapêutica dos níveis séricos (Therapeutic drug monitoring - TDM) de infliximabe (IFX) é uma estratégia reconhecida na tomada de decisão clínica frente a perda de resposta secundária a esta droga no manejo das doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII). Embora a maioria dos dados sobre a aplicação dessa estratégia para IFX se refira à fase de manutenção do tratamento, muitos estudos associaram concentrações mais altas de IFX, especialmente na fase de indução, com o alcance de importantes alvos de tratamento, como remissão clínica e cicatrização da mucosa. Este artigo visa resumir as evidências da literatura sobre o uso de níveis séricos durante a fase de indução do IFX e propor a aplicação de uma abordagem simplificada que pode ser extremamente útil na prática clínica, visando melhores resultados para os pacientes.

ABSTRACT Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of infliximab (IFX) has been recognized as an important strategy in the management of secondary loss of response to this agent, guiding clinical decision-making in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although most of the data on the application of TDM for IFX refer to the maintenance phase of treatment, many studies have associated higher drug concentrations, specially in the induction phase, with achievement of important treatment targets, such as clinical remission and mucosal healing. This brief communication aims to summarize the literature on the use of TDM during induction phase of IFX and propose application of a simplified approach which can be useful into clinical practice, aiming better outcomes to IBD patients.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202000000-76 776 downloads

12.

Research in inflammatory bowel disease in Brazil: a step forward towards patient care
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KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

; DAMIÃO, Adérson Omar Mourão Cintra

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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sep 2020, Volume 57 N. 3 Pages 225 - 226

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202000000-43 393 downloads

13.

Effects of anti-TNF-α in experimental diversion colitis
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Buanaim, Ronaldo Parisi

; Pereira, José Aires

; Campos, Fabio Guilherme

; Kotze, Paulo Gustavo

; Goto, Eduardo Felipe Kim

; Mendonça, Roberta Laís Silva

; Kanno, Danilo Toshio

; Martinez, Carlos Augusto Real

Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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oct 2019, Volume 34 N. 10 elocation e201901004

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of infliximab on the inflammation of the colonic mucosa devoid from fecal stream. Methods: Twenty-four rats were submitted to a Hartmann's procedure. They remained for 12 weeks with the fecal derivation to development of diversion colitis on excluded colorectal stump. After this period, they were divided into 3 groups: one group received intervention with saline (2.0 mL / week), other group infliximab at doses of 5 mg/kg/week and the other 10 mg/kg/week for five consecutively weeks. Concluded the intervention period, the animals were euthanized to remove colon segments with and without fecal stream. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis and the degree of inflammation by validated score. The neutrophilic infiltrate was evaluated by tissue expression of myeloperoxidase identified by immunohistochemical. The tissue content of myeloperoxidase was measured by computer-assisted image analysis. Results: The inflammatory score was high in colonic segments without fecal stream. The intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammatory score in excluded colonic segments. The content of myeloperoxidase was reduced in colonic segments of animals treated with infliximab mainly in high concentrations. Conclusion: Intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammation and the neutrophil infiltrate in colonic segments devoid of the fecal stream.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020190100000004 799 downloads

14.

VEDOLIZUMAB IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: A BRAZILIAN OBSERVATIONAL MULTICENTRIC STUDY
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PERIN, Ramir Luan

; DAMIÃO, Aderson Omar Mourão Cintra

; FLORES, Cristina

; LUDVIG, Juliano Coelho

; MAGRO, Daniéla Oliveira

; MIRANDA, Eron Fábio

; MORAES, Antonio Carlos de

; NONES, Rodrigo Bremer

; TEIXEIRA, Fábio Vieira

; ZERONCIO, Marco

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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sep 2019, Volume 56 N. 3 Pages 312 - 317

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Há escassez de dados sobre a eficácia e segurança do vedolizumabe nas doenças inflamatórias intestinais na América Latina. OBJETIVO: Descrever a primeira experiência observacional de mundo real com vedolizumabe em pacientes latino-americanos com doenças inflamatórias intestinais. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo multicêntrico observacional de pacientes com doença de Crohn (DC) e retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica (RCUI) que utilizaram vedolizumabe em qualquer fase de seu tratamento. Foram avaliadas a remissão e resposta clínicas (de acordo com o índice de Harvey-Bradshaw para DC e escore de Mayo para RCUI), cicatrização da mucosa, necessidade de cirurgia e eventos adversos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 90 pacientes (52 com DC e 38 com RCUI), a maioria com exposição prévia a agentes anti-TNF (88,46% na DC e 76,31% na RCUI). Na DC (em análise conforme observado), as taxas de remissão nas semanas 12, 26 e 52 foram 42,89% (21/49), 61,9% (26/42) e 46,15% (12/26), respectivamente. Na RCUI, as taxas de remissão nas semanas 12, 26 e 52 foram de 28,94% (11/38), 36,66% (11/30) e 41,17% (7/17). As taxas de cicatrização da mucosa foram 36,11% na DC e 43,4% na RCUI. Durante o período do estudo, 7/52 pacientes com DC foram submetidos a cirurgia abdominal maior e 4/38 pacientes com RCUI necessitaram de colectomia. CONCLUSÃO: O vedolizumabe foi eficaz na indução e manutenção da resposta e remissão clínicas em população refratária na DC e RCUI, com perfil de segurança favorável.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There is scarce data regarding efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel diseases in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To describe the first observational real-world experience with vedolizumab in Latin American inflammatory bowel diseases patients. METHODS: Retrospective observational multicentric study of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) who used vedolizumab at any phase of their treatment. Clinical remission and response (according to Harvey-Bradshaw index for CD and Mayo score for UC), mucosal healing, need for surgery and adverse events were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients were included (52 with CD and 38 with UC), the majority with previous exposure to anti-TNF agents (88.46% in CD and 76.31% in UC). In CD (as observed analysis) remission rates at weeks 12, 26 and 52 were 42.89% (21/49), 61.9% (26/42) and 46.15% (12/26), respectively. In UC, remission rates at weeks 12, 26 and 52 were 28.94% (11/38), 36.66% (11/30) and 41.17% (7/17). Mucosal healing rates were 36.11% in CD and 43.4% in UC. During the study period, 7/52 CD patients underwent major abdominal surgery and 4/38 UC patients needed colectomy. CONCLUSION: Vedolizumab was effective in induction and maintenance of clinical response and remission in CD and UC, with no new safety signs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-58 1967 downloads

15.

BIOLOGICAL THERAPY PENETRATION FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN LATIN AMERICA: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
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QUARESMA, Abel Botelho

; COY, Claudio Saddy Rodrigues

; DAMIÃO, Aderson Omar Mourão Cintra

; KAPLAN, Gilaad G

; KOTZE, Paulo Gustavo

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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sep 2019, Volume 56 N. 3 Pages 318 - 322

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A introdução dos agentes anti-TNF representou um marco no tratamento da doença de Crohn (DC) e da recocolite ulcerativa (RCU), com maior eficácia e segurança quando comparado ao tratamento convencional. No entanto, ainda existem desafios significativos na América Latina para facilitar o acesso dos agentes biológicos a médicos e pacientes. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta revisão foi reunir as evidências atuais sobre a penetração de agentes biológicos para DC e RCU na América Latina. MÉTODOS: Os dados são derivados de uma revisão sistemática previamente publicada que explorou diferentes características das doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII) na América Latina. Os estudos incluídos nesta revisão sistemática anterior que continham descrições detalhadas da percentagem do uso de agentes biológicos em coortes de pacientes em diferentes países da América Latina e Caribe foram incluídos, e os achados descritivos foram compilados detalhando a penetração destes medicamentos no manejo das DII. RESULTADOS: Dos 61 estudos incluídos na revisão sistemática original, apenas 19 incluíram dados de percentagem de pacientes tratados com agentes biológicos. O uso de anti-TNF na DC variou de 1,51% no México até 46,9% na Colômbia, com a maioria dos estudos descrevendo o uso em aproximadamente 20%-40% dos pacientes na DC. Por outro lado, a frequência do uso de biológicos foi claramente menor na RCU, variando de 0% em 2009 a 16,2% em 2018, de acordo com dois estudos mexicanos. Apenas dois estudos descreveram a penetração de agentes anti-TNF nas DII em geral: 13,4% em estudo colombiano e 37,93% em outro estudo brasileiro. Nenhum estudo descreveu o percentual de uso de novos agentes biológicos (vedulizumabe e ustekinumabe). CONCLUSÃO: A penetração de agentes anti-TNF na América Latina é comparável ao resto do mundo na DC, mas menor na RCU. Com o aumento da incidência e prevalência de DII, estratégias específicas para se aumentar o acesso a agentes anti-TNF na RCU e novos agentes biológicos nas DII em geral são justificadas.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The introduction of anti-TNF agents represented a landmark in the management of both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), with improved efficacy and safety when compared with conventional treatment. However, significant challenges still exist in Latin America to facilitate the access of biological agents for physicians and patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to summarize current evidence on penetration of biological agents for CD and UC in Latin America. METHODS: Data are derived from a previous complete systematic review that explored different characteristics of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in Latin America. The studies fully included in this previous systematic review which contained detailed descriptions of the percentage of use of biological agents in different cohorts throughout Latin American and Caribbean countries were included, and descriptive findings were compiled, describing CD and UC penetration of these drugs in different patient cohorts from different countries. RESULTS: From the 61 studies included in the original systematic review, only 19 included data of the percentage of patients treated with biological agents. Anti-TNF use in CD varied from 1.51% in Mexico up to 46.9% in Colombia, with most of the studies describing anti-TNF use in approximately 20%-40% of CD patients. On the other side, the frequency of the use of biologics was clearly lower in UC, varying from 0% in 2009 to up 16.2% in 2018, according to two different Mexican studies. Only two studies described the penetration of anti-TNF agents in IBD overall: 13.4% in a Colombian and 37.93% in a Brazilian study. No studies described percentage of use of new biologic agents (vedolizumab and ustekinumab). CONCLUSION: Penetration of anti-TNF agents in Latin America is comparable to the rest of the world in CD, but lower in UC. With the increase in the incidence and prevalence of IBD, specific strategies to increase access to anti-TNF agents in UC and new biological agents overall are warranted.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-59 1762 downloads

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